Comparing Visa 189, 190, and 491 is a common question for those interested in Australian settlement, since all three use the points test. Comparing Visa 189, 190, and 491 helps you choose the right fit for your profile. This article provides a detailed analysis.
Comparing Visa 189, 190, and 491 by nature
Comparing Visa 189, 190, and 491 needs to start with their nature. Visa 189 (Skilled Independent) is an independent permanent residency visa, requiring no sponsorship. Visa 190 (Skilled Nominated) requires nomination by a state or territory. Visa 491 (Skilled Work Regional) is a 5-year temporary visa for a designated region.
All three use the points test with a minimum of 65 points. However, in practice for 2025-2026, Visa 189 requires the highest competitive score (usually 85-95+), Visa 190 is easier thanks to 5 bonus points for state nomination, and Visa 491 adds up to 15 points for nomination.
Different conditions and benefits
Visa 189 requires an occupation on the MLTSSL (Medium and Long-term Strategic Skills List). Visa 190 requires an occupation on the MLTSSL or STSOL plus state nomination. Visa 491 requires an occupation on the MLTSSL, STSOL, or ROL plus state nomination or family sponsorship in the region.
Benefits: Visa 189 grants PR immediately, allowing you to live and work anywhere in Australia. Visa 190 grants PR immediately but requires a commitment to live in the nominating state for at least 2 years. Visa 491 is a 5-year temporary visa, requiring you to live and work in the designated region for 3 years with a minimum income before applying for permanent Visa 191.
When to choose which category
Choose Visa 189 if your score is high (85+), your occupation is on the MLTSSL, and you want flexibility in where to live. Choose Visa 190 if your score is 75-85, you are willing to live in the nominating state for 2 years, and your occupation is on the state’s list. Choose Visa 491 if your score is 65-80 and you are willing to live in a designated region (outside Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane).
In 2025-2026, Visa 491 is becoming increasingly popular due to the 15 bonus points and the expansion of designated regions, despite requiring an additional 3 years before applying for permanent residency. You should consider based on your score and living preferences.
You should refer to official Home Affairs website and Home Affairs – Skilled visas to check current conditions.
Summary
Comparing Visa 189, 190, and 491: 189 is independent with immediate PR (MLTSSL occupation, high score 85+); 190 grants immediate PR but requires state nomination (5 bonus points, MLTSSL or STSOL, 2-year commitment to the state); 491 is a 5-year temporary visa for a designated region (15 bonus points, 3 years living and working in the region, then apply for permanent Visa 191). You should choose based on your score and living preferences.
